[113][114], The latest renovation of the cathedral began in 2012,[109] with a focus on strengthening and restoring the dome and the roof. The earliest domed church is the Cathedral of Echmiatsin, which was built in AD 301-303 by King Trdat III (Tiridates) and St Gregory the Illuminator. The narthex-hall also served as a burial place for the Catholicoses. With the establishment of the Erivan Governorate in 1850, Vagharshapat became the centre of the newly formed Echmiadzinsky Uyezd. [108], In 2000[109] Etchmiadzin underwent a renovation prior to the celebrations of the 1700th anniversary of the Christianization of Armenia in 2001. [130] Art historian Sirarpie Der Nersessian believed that they are from the fifth or sixth century. [86], On 13 April 1827, during the Russo-Persian War (1826–28), Etchmiadzin was captured by the Russian General Ivan Paskevich's troops without fight and was formally annexed by Russia, with the Persian-controlled parts of Armenia, roughly corresponding to the territory of the modern Republic of Armenia (also known as Eastern Armenia), according to the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay. [1][38] Based on these findings, Sahinian asserted that the original church had been a three-naved[53] vaulted basilica,[1] similar to the basilicas of Tekor, Ashtarak and Aparan (Kasakh). "[2] According to Robert H. Hewsen, the design of the new church was a mixture of the design of a Zoroastrian fire temple and a mausoleum of classical antiquity. [34] Since then the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin has been the administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church. [206], The Soviet Union and Armenia issued postage stamps depicting the cathedral in 1978 and 2009, respectively. [57], The early frescoes inside the cathedral were restored in the 18th century. Apart from the Mother Cathedral, Vagharshapat is home to many other important Armenian churches and cathedrals. [86][85] Tsitsianov's forces entered Etchmiadzin, which, according to Auguste Bontems-Lefort, a contemporary French military envoy to Persia, they looted, seriously damaging the Armenian religious buildings. [H] The Kingdom of Armenia, under Tiridates III, became the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301. Diminished during the early Soviet period, Etchmiadzin revived again in the second half of the twentieth century, and under independent Armenia.[2]. According to Armenian church tradition, the cathedral was built between 301 and 303,[4][G] near the royal palace in what was then the Armenian capital city of Vagharshapat,[1] on the location of a pagan temple. It was designed by architect Jim Torosyan. [33], In 387, Armenia was partitioned between the Roman Empire and the Sasanian Empire. Other members of the prominent Hovnatanian family (Hakob, Harutyun and Hovnatan) created paintings throughout the 18th century. In both cases the plan closely resembles that of Bagaran in Armenia. [7], In 1903, the Russian government issued an edict to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. In both cases the plan closely resembles that of Bagaran in Armenia. [34] Since then the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin has been the administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church. The remaining 19.2 ha belongs to the community of Echmiatsin City. According to most scholars it was the first cathedral built in ancient Armenia, and is often considered the oldest cathedral in the world.. ), являются выдающимися памятниками армянской церковной архитектуры. [38] The renovations resumed under Catholicos Pilippos (1632–55), who built new cells for monks and renovated the roof. It is located to the west of Yerevan in the basin of the Kasagh River, in the northeastern extremity of Ararat plain, and very close to Zvartnots International Airport. [103] The dissident anti-Soviet Armenian diocese in the US wrote that "the great cathedral became a hollow monument. The eastern part of Armenia where Etchmiadzin was located remained under the rule of Armenian vassal kings subject to Persia until 428, when the Armenian Kingdom was dissolved. Էջմիածնի) is celebrated by the Armenian Church 64 days after Easter, during which "a special hymn is sung, written by the 8th century Catholicos Sahak III of Dzorapor, telling of St. Gregory's vision and the Cathedral's construction. The city was home to one of the oldest educational institutions in Armenia founded by Mesrop Mashtots. These decorative elements were widespread in Armenian architecture from the second half of the 7th century. Isolated from the outside world, the cathedral barely continued to function and its administrators were reduced to some twenty people. [31][32][33], The town celebrates the "Ejmiatsin Day" annually since 2008 in Vagharshapat on 8 October. Copyright © 2020 Copyright © 2013 Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. Major religious figures like Patriarch Cyril of Bulgaria (1967),[178] Archbishops of Canterbury Donald Coggan (1977)[179] and George Carey (1993),[180] Ilia II of Georgia (1997, 2003),[181][182] Pope John Paul II (2001),[183] Bartholomew I of Constantinople (2001),[184] Ignatius Zakka I Iwas (2002),[185][186] Patriarch Kirill of Moscow (2010),[187] Pope Francis (2016) visited Etchmiadzin. De kathedraal is het oudste christelijke gebedshuis in Armenië, gebouwd rond 301. "[a] The Feast of the Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin (Տոն Կաթողիկե Սբ. "[100] The repressions climaxed in 1938 when Catholicos Khoren I was murdered in April by the NKVD. In 1945, the town of Vagharshapat was officially renamed Etchmiadzin by the Soviet government. ", Русская художественная литература и геноцид армян: - Page 244, Михаил Давидович Амирханян - 1988, Советская музыка - Issues 7–12 - Page 111, Рукописные сокровища Матенадарана - Page 7, Ашот Гарегини Абрахамян - 1959, "Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin: Mother Cathedral: History", "Պատմաաշխարհագրական ակնարկ [Historical-geographic overview]", "Հոգևոր ավանդույթների ժառանգությունը (Պտղաբերության պաշտամունքից մինչև քրիստոնեություն) [Heritage of spiritual heritage (From fertility cult to Christianity)]", Armenian Evangelical Union of North America, "Eastern Liturgy in the West: The Case of Armenian Church", "Էջմիածնի կաթողիկոսության հիմնադրման քաղաքական և աստվածաբանական հանգամանքները [Theological and political circumstances of the foundation of the Etchmiadzin Catholicosate]", "The number of foreign tourists visiting Armenia expected to surge to one million", [https://books.google.com/books?id=ognCKztR8a4C&pg=PA39 39], "Feast of the Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin", "Տոն Կաթողիկե Սբ. "[70], Following the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, the See of Sis experienced decline and disarray. The inscribed property is divided into three separate areas: the first area includes the Mother Cathedral of Echmiatsin and St Gayane Church. The structural system is the main expression of its artistic appearance. [1] It was published in Yerevan from 1944 to 1961 and has since been published in the city of Etchmiadzin (Vagharshapat). Movses Khorenatsi mentioned that the Town of Vardges was entirely rebuilt and fenced by king Vagharsh I to become known as Noarakaghak (Նորաքաղաք, "New City") and later Vagharshapat. Meaning drop of light, Shoghakat Church is a single-nave domed basilica, built and completed in 1694 by prince Aghamal Sorotetsi during the period of Catholicos Nahabed I. [151] Catholicos Vazgen I called Etchmiadzin "Solomon's Temple of Armenians. The nearby village of Aknalich (10 km south of Vagharshapat) is famous for the Ara and Aytsemnik equestrian centre. [112] In 2006, a same-sex couple celebrated an informal wedding ceremony in the Etchmiadzin Cathedral. [57], The cathedral's external appearance has been described as austere,[119] ascetic,[120] unostentatious,[121] and as a "massive cube surmounted by a faceted cone on a simple cylinder. At the end of 1918, there were about 70,000 refugees in the Etchmiadzin district. Его жизнь и литературная деятельность, Владимир Высоцкий: воспоминания, Давид Карапетян, "Apostolic Voyage in Armenia Prayer Visit Address of John Paul II, Apostolic Cathedral, Etchmiadzin", "Patriarch of Antioch Visits Etchmiadzin", "Patriarch Kirill's speech at Echmiadzin cathedral", "Visit and Prayer to the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral", "Владимир Путин прибыл в Эчмиадзин [Putin visits Echmiadzin]", "Ժակ Շիրակը այցելել է Մայր Աթոռ Ս. Էջմիածին [Jacques Chirac visits Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]", "Georgian president Giorgi Margvelashvili visits Etchmiadzin", "Lebanon president visits Holy Etchmiadzin", "Catholicos of All Armenians Garegin II holds meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel", "Անգելա Մերկելն այցելեց Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին", "Prince Charles visits the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin", "Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots", "Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Արմավիրի Մարզի Պատմության և Մշակույթի Անշարժ Հուշարձանների Պետական Ցուցակը [List of the Immovable Historical And Cultural Monuments in the Armavir Province of the Republic of Armenia]", "The Holy Etchmiadzin Museum: History of a Long Journey", "The Armenian Church Under the Soviet Regime", "Ագաթանգեղոսի "Հայոց պատմությունը" և Հայաստանի վաղ միջնադարի ճարտարապետության ուսումնասիրության խնդիրները [Agathangeghos's "History of Armenia" and Problems in the Study of the Early Medieval Armenian Architecture]", "Մայր տաճարի հնագույն երեք քանդակների թվագրման խնդիրը [The Problem of Dating the Three Earliest Reliefs of the Echmiadzin Cathedral]", "Էջմիածնի մայր տաճարը [Cathedral of Etchmiadzin]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի հիմնական վերանորոգումը (1954–1955) [Fundamental restoration of Echmiadzin Cathedral temple (1954—1955)]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի ճարտարապետությունը Ղազար Փարպեցու օրոք [The Architecture of the Echmiadzin Cathedral in the Time of Lazarus Parpetsi]", "Вопросы формирования Эчмиадзинского кафедрала в контексте эволюции крестовокупольных систем [Structural Principles of the Cathedral of Echmiadzin within the Context of Developing Systems of Cross-Shaped Cupolas]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի սկզբնական տեսքը [The Original Shape of the Cathedral of Echmiatsin]", "Մոդուլային համակարգը Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի V դարի գմբեթակիր կառուցվածքում [The Module System in the 5th Century Cupola Structures of the Cathedral of Echmiadzin]", "Էջմիածին եւ հայոց հնագոյն եկեղեցիներ [Etchmiadzin and ancient Armenian churches]", St. Gregory the Illuminator Church, Galata, Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Karekin I Centre of Theology and Armenology, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etchmiadzin_Cathedral&oldid=980695669, Buildings and structures in Armavir Province, Armenian Apostolic churches in Vagharshapat, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 301 (original building; traditional date), 303 (original building; traditional date), Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Depository, This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 22:45. [13][self-published source?] [K] The new church was very different from the original one and "consisted of quadric-apsidal hall built of dull, grey stone containing four free-standing cross-shaped pillars disdained to support a stone cupola." A consistent policy is carried out in order to present comprehensively the monuments included in the nomination. La cathédrale et les églises d'Etchmiadzine, ainsi que les vestiges archéologiques de Zvarnotz illustrent de manière vivante l'évolution et l'épanouissement de l'église-halle arménienne à coupole centrale et plan cruciforme, qui ont profondément influencé le développement architectural et artistique de cette région. In the 1970s, archaeological excavations were conducted in the adjacent areas of the church, discovering pre-Christian and early-Christian burials and a one-nave church. Etchmiadzin Cathedral (Armenian: Էջմիածնի մայր տաճար, Ēǰmiatsni mayr tačar) is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia. [2] In 1874, he established the Gevorgian Seminary, a theological school-college located on the cathedral's premises. Job at Armenia, UNDP - United Nations Development Programme jobs. It has been called "the focal point of Armenians everywhere. After two years of independence, Armenia was Sovietized in December 1920. [131], The wooden doors of the cathedral were carved in Tiflis in 1889. The city has an average elevation of 853 metres (2,799 feet) above sea level. [2] Today, it incorporates styles of different periods of Armenian architecture. Although never losing its significance, the cathedral subsequently suffered centuries of virtual neglect. «Վաչե և Թամար Մանուկյան» մատենադարան 09:00-17:30. [7] Gulbenkian alone provided $400,000. The latter type occurs also at Milan (San Satiro). Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots. "[2] Decades later, in 1682, Catholicos Yeghiazar constructed smaller bell towers with red tufa turrets on the southern, eastern, and northern wings. Full Stack Web Developer for Echmiadzin Municipality Website. [4] Catholicos Ghukas (Lucas) continued the renovations in 1784–86. [110] Catholicos Karekin II declared 2003 the Year of Holy Etchmiadzin. Between 1502 and 1828, Armenia became part of the Persian state under the rule of Safaavid, Afsharid and Qajar dynasties, with short periods of Ottoman rule between 1578 and 1603 and later between 1722 and 1736. [123] Paul Bloomfield, writing for The Times, expressed a similar view: "[the] cathedral, though diminutive by European standards, is immensely important. [107], Etchmiadzin revived under Catholicos Vazgen I since the period known as the Khrushchev Thaw in the mid-1950s, following Stalin's death. [80], Since 1627, the cathedral underwent major renovation under Catholicos Movses (Moses), when the dome, ceiling, roof, foundations and paving were repaired. The bas-reliefs and high-reliefs that illustrate fragments from ecclesiastical and secular life are implemented very skillfully. Opened in 1767 by Catholicos Simeon I, the church is located at the centre of Vagharshapat, north of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.[19]. In 658 AD, Vagharshapat, along with the rest of the Armenian highland, was conquered by the Arabs. According to Armenian church tradition, the cathedral was built between 301 and 303,[4][G] near the royal palace in what was then the Armenian capital city of Vagharshapat,[1] on the location of a pagan temple. According to Movses Khorenatsi, the area of Vagharshapat was known as Artimed (Արտիմէդ), derived from the ancient Greek deity Artemis. The political capital of the Armenian kingdom was transferred to the city of Dvin in 336. The permanent exhibitions of the museums at the Mother See and Zvartnots are updated over the course of time. See tips for writing articles about magazines, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etchmiadzin_(magazine)&oldid=893154057, Articles containing Armenian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 April 2019, at 11:17. His paintings on the dome and the painting of the Mother of God under the altar have survived to this day. [53], According to Faustus of Byzantium, the cathedral and the city of Vagharshapat were almost completely destroyed during the invasion of Persian King Shapur II in the 360s[57] (circa 363). Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին/ Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Vagharshapat, Armavir, Armenia. [86][85] Tsitsianov's forces entered Etchmiadzin, which, according to Auguste Bontems-Lefort, a contemporary French military envoy to Persia, they looted, seriously damaging the Armenian religious buildings. [7], In 1903, the Russian government issued an edict to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. One example is the Armenian Church of Bucharest, Romania, designed by Dimitrie Maimarolu and built in 1911–12. However, some of the past restoration work is not fully in conformity with the principles of the Venice Charter. [77] He wanted to destroy the cathedral and have its remains brought to Isfahan. Etchmiadzin (en arménien Էջմիածին) ou Vagharchapat (Վաղարշապատ, nom officiel mais rarement utilisé) est une ville d'Arménie située à une vingtaine de kilomètres d'Erevan. His paintings on the dome and the painting of the Mother of God under the altar have survived to this day. [36] The Zvartnots hotel and casino complex is located at the eastern entrance of the town. OpenStreetMap; Locator tool; Authority control Q183394 VIAF ID: 233869999 GND ID: 4478190-8 Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 13544602k. "[2] Formally, Etchmiadzin became the religious center of the Armenians living within the Russian Empire by the 1836 statute or constitution (polozhenie). [62] At this time, cells for monks, a guesthouse and other structures were built around the cathedral. In 1400, when Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia many districts including Vagharshapat were depopulated under the rule of the Timurid Empire. [53] Stepan Mnatsakanian suggested that the original building had been a "canopy erected on a cross [plan]," while architecture researcher Vahagn Grigoryan suggests what Mnatsakanian describes as an "extreme view,"[56] according to which the cathedral has been essentially in the same form as it is today. The remains of the 4th century apse, the fire temple and other architectural details are now kept at a special structure built relatively recently under the east apse. During the 1921 February Uprising Etchmiadzin was briefly (until April) taken over by the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation, which had dominated the pre-Soviet Armenian government between 1918 and 1920. It is at the eastern edge of modern-day Vagharshapat. Web Browser not supported for ESRI ArcGIS API version 4.10. Zvartnots was a majestic cathedral famous for its unique design, dedicated to Saint George, built at the place where a meeting between king Tiridates III and Saint Gregory the Illuminator was supposed to have taken place. The second area includes St Hripsime Church and St Shoghakat Church. Кафедральный собор Эчмиадзина (основан 1700 лет назад) вместе с тремя древними церквями, также как и руины храма в Звартноце (середина VII в. It officially bore the name Etchmiadzin between 1945 and 1995. St Gayane Church (AD 630) is the earliest example in Early Christian and Armenian architecture to combine a three-aisle basilica with a central dome, a form which became widespread in both Armenia and Western Asia. [2] Engraved on the exterior of the edifice are decorative geometric and floral patterns as well as blind arcades and medallions depicting saints. It has been published since 1944 and is considered the continuation of the Ararat monthly that was established in 1868. For other uses, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Manuscript Library, Karekin I Centre of Theology and Armenology, List of twin towns and sister cities in Armenia, "Պատմաաշխարհագրական ակնարկ [Historical-geographic overview]", "Armenia: mountains, monasteries and a glimpse of the land of Noah", Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. [38][39], A new sport school is currently under construction in Vagharshapat since 2015, with a cost of more than US$1 million. [K] The new church was very different from the original one and "consisted of quadric-apsidal hall built of dull, grey stone containing four free-standing cross-shaped pillars disdained to support a stone cupola." "[2] James Bryce wrote that the cathedral is "small, that is to say, compared with its fame or importance". "[155] American journalist and historian Francis Whiting Halsey described the cathedral as "the most treasured possession of the Armenian nation" and "the source of that strength which has held them together through centuries of persecution, warfare and massacre. Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Responses, Management of World Heritage Sites in Armenia, World Heritage Committee Inscribes 61 New Sites on World Heritage List, Service for the Protection of Historical Environment and Cultural Museum-Reservations, The Holy City of Etchmiadzin (Armenian Enlightment Chronicle), Astronomy and World Heritage Thematic Initiative, Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS), Initiative on Heritage of Astronomy, Science and Technology, Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, World Heritage Centre’s Natural Heritage Strategy, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP). [M] This view was later supported by Alexander Sahinian and Varazdat Harutyunyan. The complex houses a cultural centre with small theatre, pub and jazz club, traditional cuisine, and a boutique hotel. Nowadays, the terms Etchmiadzin and Vagharshapat are interchangeably used. [115], Today, Etchmiadzin "has a cruciform plan with a central cupola, four free-standing piers, and four projecting apses which are semicircular on the interior and polygonal on the exterior. Vagharshapat has served as the capital of the Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia between 120 AD and 330 AD. [203], The museum of the cathedral has numerous items on display, including manuscripts and religious objects. The city of Echmiatsin is located in the Armavir Marz region of Armenia. [101] In August of that year, the Armenian Communist Party decided to close down the cathedral, but the central Soviet government seemingly did not approve of such a measure. Only the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots is under State ownership and is situated on the territory of the Zvartnots historical and cultural museum-reservation, while the rest of the monuments are the property of the Armenian Apostolic Holy Church as well as being protected by the Law “On protection and usage of the historical and cultural immovable monuments and historical environment” of the Republic of Armenia, and by the regulation “On State registration, study, protection, fortification, restoration, reconstruction and usage of the historical and cultural immovable monuments”. From 1866 to 1882, Abbot Vahan Bastamyan renovated the monastery, its arched gate, residential buildings for abbot and congregants, and school, and established a printing house. The new complex of Eurnekian School of the Mother See was opened in September 2017. The third area consists of the archaeological site of Zvartnots, with the ruins of the temple, Catholicos Palace and other constructions, and occupies about 18.8 ha. Ancient, medieval, and historical Armenian churches and monasteries, "Այժմյան գմբեթը հետագա (հավանաբար XVII դար) վերակառուցման արգասիք է:". The inscription found in the archaeological site of ancient Etchmiadzin mentions a water canal opened by king Rusa II, between Hrazdan River and the valley of Kuarlini. It was finally completed between 1939 and 1943. Persia's Erivan Khanate, in which Etchmiadzin was located, became an important target for the Russians. "[157], Before the foundation of the First Republic of Armenia and the official designation of Yerevan as its capital in 1918, Western sources emphasized Etchmiadzin's political significance. [2][102] It was reportedly the only church in Soviet Armenia not to have been seized by the Communist government. [123] Paul Bloomfield, writing for The Times, expressed a similar view: "[the] cathedral, though diminutive by European standards, is immensely important. Isolated from the outside world, the cathedral barely continued to function and its administrators were reduced to some twenty people. Grigoryan wrote in 1986 that even the main dimensions of the cathedral are unknown. [153][154] Because the cathedral has been so important to the development of Armenians' sense of identity, a pilgrimage to Etchmiadzin is "as much as ethnic as a religious experience. Later, it was renamed Avan Vardgesi (Աւան Վարդգէսի, "Town of Vardges") or Vardgesavan (Վարդգէսաւան) after being rebuilt by prince Vardges Manouk near the shores of Kasagh River, during the reign of king Orontes I Sakavakyats of Armenia (570–560 BC). A visit to Etchmiadzin enables us to understand the tenacity of this people and their devotion to their faith better than a whole library of books.". [89], The cathedral prospered under Russian rule, despite the suspicions that the Imperial Russian government had about Etchmiadzin becoming a "possible center of the Armenian nationalist sentiment. It is a four-column domed basilica with harmonious proportions, a central nave and two sacristies built of well-processed tuff (a stone of volcanic origin). [I] Agathangelos narrates in his History of the Armenians the legend of the origin of the cathedral. [62] At this time, cells for monks, a guesthouse and other structures were built around the cathedral. Էջմիածնի) is celebrated by the Armenian Church 64 days after Easter, during which "a special hymn is sung, written by the 8th century Catholicos Sahak III of Dzorapor, telling of St. Gregory's vision and the Cathedral's construction. [2] The paintings were moved out of the cathedral by the order of Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian in 1891 and are now kept in various museums in Armenia, including the National Gallery of Armenia. The Armenian Church rejected the Council of Chalcedon (451) because they believed the Chalcedonian christology was too similar to Nestorianism; however, some Armenian bishops who were present in the territories of Roman Armenia signed the Council's documents and also accepted Pope Leo I's 458 encyclical mandating adherence to the Chalcedonian Definition. The Catholicosate of Aghtamar and the locally influential Syunik bishops enhanced the importance of the region around Etchmiadzin. "[83], The renovation works were interrupted by the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1635–36, during which the cathedral remained intact. Archaeological excavations were held in 1955–56 and in 1959; the cathedral underwent a major renovation during this period. He writes that Armenia's patron saint Gregory the Illuminator had a vision of Jesus Christ descending from heaven and striking the earth with a golden hammer to show where the cathedral should be built. "[155] American journalist and historian Francis Whiting Halsey described the cathedral as "the most treasured possession of the Armenian nation" and "the source of that strength which has held them together through centuries of persecution, warfare and massacre. It was first built by Saint Gregory the Illuminator as a vaulted basilica in 301–303, when Armenia had just adopted Christianity as a state religion (the first such in world history). The cathedral and churches of Echmiatsin and the archaeological remains at Zvartnots graphically illustrate the evolution and development of the Armenian central-domed cross-hall type of church, which exerted a profound influence on architectural and artistic development in the region. Their work was continued by the succeeding generations of the same family (Mkrtum and Hakob) in the 19th century. [207], "View of Ararat and the Monastery of Echmiadzin", from the 1846 English translation of Friedrich Parrot's Journey to Ararat, from John Mason Neale's A History of the Holy Eastern Church (1850), A relief of Etchmiadzin Cathedral on the headquarters of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church of America next to the St Vartan Cathedral, New York City, A silver plate depicting the cathedral displayed at the American Museum of Natural History[208], View of the cathedral from the south-east, 2010, "During every critical phase of their history, the Armenians have looked at Etchmiadzin for guidance, to the Church for close on sixteen hundred years has been their beacon and their hope. [106] Nevertheless, the cathedral's role was downplayed by the Communist official circles. [7] In 1653–54, he started the construction of the belfry in the western wing of Etchmiadzin Cathedral. Zacharias II (?–1520), Catholicos of All Armenians 1515–1520, Gregory XII (1498–1590), Catholicos of All Armenians 1576–1590, David IV (?–1633), Catholicos of All Armenians 1590–1629, This page was last edited on 25 July 2020, at 14:34. [111] In September of that year an academic conference was held at the Pontifical Residence. Vagharshapat is the largest satellite-city of Yerevan and the 4th largest in Armenia by population. Его жизнь и литературная деятельность, Владимир Высоцкий: воспоминания, Давид Карапетян, "Apostolic Voyage in Armenia Prayer Visit Address of John Paul II, Apostolic Cathedral, Etchmiadzin", "Patriarch of Antioch Visits Etchmiadzin", "Patriarch Kirill's speech at Echmiadzin cathedral", "Visit and Prayer to the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral", "Владимир Путин прибыл в Эчмиадзин [Putin visits Echmiadzin]", "Ժակ Շիրակը այցելել է Մայր Աթոռ Ս. Էջմիածին [Jacques Chirac visits Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin]", "Georgian president Giorgi Margvelashvili visits Etchmiadzin", "Lebanon president visits Holy Etchmiadzin", "Catholicos of All Armenians Garegin II holds meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel", "Անգելա Մերկելն այցելեց Մայր Աթոռ Սուրբ Էջմիածին", "Prince Charles visits the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin", "Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots", "Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Արմավիրի Մարզի Պատմության և Մշակույթի Անշարժ Հուշարձանների Պետական Ցուցակը [List of the Immovable Historical And Cultural Monuments in the Armavir Province of the Republic of Armenia]", "The Holy Etchmiadzin Museum: History of a Long Journey", "The Armenian Church Under the Soviet Regime", "Ագաթանգեղոսի "Հայոց պատմությունը" և Հայաստանի վաղ միջնադարի ճարտարապետության ուսումնասիրության խնդիրները [Agathangeghos's "History of Armenia" and Problems in the Study of the Early Medieval Armenian Architecture]", "Մայր տաճարի հնագույն երեք քանդակների թվագրման խնդիրը [The Problem of Dating the Three Earliest Reliefs of the Echmiadzin Cathedral]", "Էջմիածնի մայր տաճարը [Cathedral of Etchmiadzin]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի հիմնական վերանորոգումը (1954–1955) [Fundamental restoration of Echmiadzin Cathedral temple (1954—1955)]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի ճարտարապետությունը Ղազար Փարպեցու օրոք [The Architecture of the Echmiadzin Cathedral in the Time of Lazarus Parpetsi]", "Вопросы формирования Эчмиадзинского кафедрала в контексте эволюции крестовокупольных систем [Structural Principles of the Cathedral of Echmiadzin within the Context of Developing Systems of Cross-Shaped Cupolas]", "Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի սկզբնական տեսքը [The Original Shape of the Cathedral of Echmiatsin]", "Մոդուլային համակարգը Էջմիածնի Մայր տաճարի V դարի գմբեթակիր կառուցվածքում [The Module System in the 5th Century Cupola Structures of the Cathedral of Echmiadzin]", "Էջմիածին եւ հայոց հնագոյն եկեղեցիներ [Etchmiadzin and ancient Armenian churches]", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etchmiadzin_Cathedral&oldid=980695669, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 301 (original building; traditional date), 303 (original building; traditional date), This page was last edited on 27 September 2020, at 22:45.
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